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110 lines
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110 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
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<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
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<title>Feature Model Diagrams</title>
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<p><img border="0" src="../c++boost.gif" width="277" height="86"></p>
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<h1>Feature Model Diagrams in text and HTML</h1>
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<p>By <a href="../people/beman_dawes.html">Beman Dawes</a></p>
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<p>In their seminal book, Generative Programming, Czarnecki and Eisenecker (<a href="#Generative Programming">C&E</a>)
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describe how to build feature models [C&E 4.4] consisting of a feature
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diagram plus semantic, rationale, and other attributes. Feature models are
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then used to drive design cycles which eventually lead to manual or automatic
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assembly of configurations.</p>
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<p>Feature models provide a language to describe the library variability that is
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often such an issue in boost.org discussions. The Whorf hypothesis that
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"Language shapes the way we think, and determines what we can think
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about" seems to apply. In discussion of library variability issues,
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we have been crippled by lack of a good language. With feature models we now
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have a language to carry on the dialog.</p>
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<p>The graphical feature diagrams presented by C&E are not in a suitable
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form for the email discussions boost.org depends upon. The hierarchical nature
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of feature diagrams can be represented by a simple text-based feature diagram
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language. A feature model can also take advantage of the hyperlinks
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inherent in HTML.</p>
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<h2><a name="Grammar">Grammar</a></h2>
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<p>The grammar for the feature diagram language is expressed in Extended
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Bakus-Naur Form; ::= represents productions, [...] represents options, {...}
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represents zero or more instances, and represents | alternatives.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>feature-model ::= concept-name details { feature }</pre>
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<pre>feature ::= feature-name [details]</pre>
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<pre>details ::= "(" feature-list ")" // required features
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| "[" feature-list "]" // optional features</pre>
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<pre>feature-list ::= element { "|" element } // one only
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| element { "+" element } // one or more
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| element { "," element } // all
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// [a+b] equivalent to [a,b]</pre>
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<pre>element ::= feature
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| details</pre>
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<pre>concept-name ::= name</pre>
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<pre>feature-name ::= name</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The usual lexical conventions apply. Names are case-insensitive and consist
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of a leading letter, followed by letters, digits, underscores or hyphens, with
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no spaces allowed.</p>
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<p>At least one instance of each name should be hyperlinked to the corresponding
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<a href="#Feature Descriptions">Feature Description</a>.</p>
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<p>While the grammar is intended for written communication between people, it
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may also be trivially machine parsed for use by automatic tools.</p>
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<h2><a name="Feature Descriptions">Feature Description</a></h2>
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<p>Descriptive information is associated with each concept or feature. According
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to [C&E 4.4.2] this includes:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Semantic descriptions.</li>
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<li>Rationale.</li>
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<li>Stakeholders and client programs.</li>
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<li>Exemplar systems.</li>
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<li>Constraints and default dependency rules.</li>
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<li>Availability sites, binding sites, and binding mode.</li>
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<li>Open/Closed attribute.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>What is a Feature?</h2>
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<p>A feature [C&E 4.9.1] is "anything users or client programs might
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want to control about a concept. Thus, during feature modeling, we
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document no only functional features ... but also implementation features, ...,
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various optimizations, alternative implementation techniques, and so on."</p>
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<h2>Example</h2>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>special-container ( organization,
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performance,
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interface ) // all required</pre>
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<pre>organization [ ordered + indexed ] // zero or more (4 configurations)</pre>
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<pre>indexed [ hash-function ] // zero or one (2 configurations)</pre>
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<pre>performance ( fast | small | balanced ) // exactly one (3 configurations)</pre>
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<pre>interface ( STL-style + cursor-style ) // one or more (3 configurations)</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<p>There should be feature descriptions for <code>some-container, organization,
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ordered, indexed, hash-function, performance, fast, small, balanced, interface,
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STL-style, and cursor-style</code>.</p>
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<p>The number of possible configurations is (2 + 2*2) * 3 * 3 = 54,
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assuming no constraints.</p>
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<p>There are equivalent representations. For example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<pre>special-container ( organization[ ordered+indexed[ hash-function ]],
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performance( fast|small|balanced ),
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interface( STL-style+cursor-style ) )</pre>
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</blockquote>
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<h2>References</h2>
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<p>Krzysztof Czarnecki and Ulrich W. Eisenecker, <a name="Generative Programming" href="http://www.generative-programming.org">Generative
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Programming</a>, Addison-Wesley, 2000, ISBN 0-201-30977-7</p>
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<hr>
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<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B %Y" startspan -->26 August 2004<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="32277" --></p>
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<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Beman Dawes, 2000</p>
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<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
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License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
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LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
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www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
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