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<title>Boost Getting Started</title>
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<h1 class="title"><a class="reference" href="../index.htm"><img alt="Boost" class="boost-logo" src="../boost.png" /></a> Getting Started</h1>
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<a href="getting_started/index.html">getting_started/index.html</a>.
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<div class="contents sidebar small topic">
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<p class="topic-title first"><a id="contents" name="contents">Contents</a></p>
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<ul class="auto-toc simple">
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<li><a class="reference" href="#introduction" id="id27" name="id27">1 Introduction</a><ul class="auto-toc">
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<li><a class="reference" href="#what-s-here" id="id28" name="id28">1.1 What's Here</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#preliminaries" id="id29" name="id29">1.2 Preliminaries</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#get-boost" id="id30" name="id30">2 Get Boost</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#the-structure-of-a-boost-distribution" id="id31" name="id31">3 The Structure of a Boost Distribution</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#header-only-libraries" id="id32" name="id32">4 Header-Only Libraries</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#build-a-simple-program-using-boost" id="id33" name="id33">5 Build a Simple Program Using Boost</a><ul class="auto-toc">
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<li><a class="reference" href="#build-on-nix" id="id34" name="id34">5.1 Build on *nix</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#build-from-the-visual-studio-command-prompt" id="id35" name="id35">5.2 Build from the Visual Studio Command Prompt</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#build-in-the-visual-studio-ide" id="id36" name="id36">5.3 Build in the Visual Studio IDE</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#errors-and-warnings" id="id37" name="id37">5.4 Errors and Warnings</a></li>
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</ul>
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||||||
</li>
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||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-boost-library-binaries" id="id38" name="id38">6 Get Boost Library Binaries</a><ul class="auto-toc">
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<li><a class="reference" href="#install-visual-studio-binaries" id="id39" name="id39">6.1 Install Visual Studio Binaries</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#build-and-install-nix-binaries" id="id40" name="id40">6.2 Build and Install *nix Binaries</a></li>
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||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="#build-and-install-other-binaries" id="id41" name="id41">6.3 Build and Install Other Binaries</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#expected-build-output" id="id42" name="id42">6.4 Expected Build Output</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#in-case-of-build-errors" id="id43" name="id43">6.5 In Case of Build Errors</a></li>
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||||||
</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#link-your-program-to-a-boost-library" id="id44" name="id44">7 Link Your Program to a Boost Library</a><ul class="auto-toc">
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<li><a class="reference" href="#link-to-a-boost-library-on-windows" id="id45" name="id45">7.1 Link to a Boost Library on Windows</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#link-to-a-boost-library-on-nix" id="id46" name="id46">7.2 Link to a Boost Library On *nix</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#library-naming" id="id47" name="id47">7.3 Library Naming</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program" id="id48" name="id48">7.4 Test Your Program</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="#conclusion-and-further-resources" id="id49" name="id49">8 Conclusion and Further Resources</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference" href="#appendix-using-command-line-tools-in-windows" id="id50" name="id50">9 Appendix: Using command-line tools in Windows</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<!-- ## Update this substitution for each release -->
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||||||
<div class="section">
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<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27" id="introduction" name="introduction">1 Introduction</a></h1>
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<p>Welcome to the Boost libraries! By the time you've completed this
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||||||
tutorial, you'll be at least somewhat comfortable with the contents
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of a Boost distribution and how to go about using it.</p>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28" id="what-s-here" name="what-s-here">1.1 What's Here</a></h2>
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<p>This document is designed to be an <em>extremely</em> gentle introduction,
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so we included a fair amount of material that may already be very
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||||||
familiar to you. To keep things simple, we also left out some
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||||||
information intermediate and advanced users will probably want. At
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||||||
the end of this document, we'll refer you on to resources that can
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||||||
help you pursue these topics further.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29" id="preliminaries" name="preliminaries">1.2 Preliminaries</a></h2>
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<p>We use one typographic convention that might not be immediately
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obvious: <em>italic</em> text in examples is meant as a descriptive
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placeholder for something else, usually information that you'll
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||||||
provide. For example:</p>
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<pre class="literal-block">
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||||||
<strong>$</strong> echo "My name is <em>your name</em>"
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</pre>
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||||||
<p>Here you're expected to imagine replacing the text “your name” with
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your actual name.</p>
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||||||
<p>We identify Unix and its variants such as Linux, FreeBSD, and MacOS
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collectively as *nix. If you're not targeting Microsoft Windows,
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|
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the instructions for *nix users will probably work for you.
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Cygwin users working from the Cygwin <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bash</span></tt> prompt should also
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follow the *nix instructions. To use your Cygwin compiler from
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the Windows command prompt, follow the instructions for Windows
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users.</p>
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||||||
<p>Although Boost supports a wide variety of Windows compilers
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|
||||||
(including older Microsoft compilers), most instructions for
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|
||||||
Windows users cover only the Visual Studio .NET 2003 and Visual
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|
||||||
Studio 2005. We hope that gives you enough information to adapt
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them for your own compiler or IDE.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30" id="get-boost" name="get-boost">2 Get Boost</a></h1>
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|
||||||
<p>There are basically three ways to get Boost on your system:</p>
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|
||||||
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first"><strong>Windows Installer</strong>: Boost Consulting provides an <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/download.html">installer</a>
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|
||||||
for Windows platforms that installs a complete Boost
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|
||||||
distribution, plus optional precompiled library binaries for
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|
||||||
Visual Studio, and (optionally) a prebuilt version of the
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> build tool.</p>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
<li><p class="first"><strong>Download</strong>: users of other platforms—and Windows
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|
||||||
users who prefer to build everything from scratch—can <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&package_id=8041&release_id=376197">download
|
|
||||||
a complete Boost distribution</a> from SourceForge.</p>
|
|
||||||
<!-- ## Update this link for each release -->
|
|
||||||
<ul>
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|
||||||
<li><p class="first"><strong>Windows</strong>: Download and run <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.exe</span></tt>
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|
||||||
to unpack the distribution.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#zip" id="id3" name="id3"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
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|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first"><strong>*nix</strong>: Download <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar.bz2</span></tt>. Then, in the
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|
||||||
directory where you want to put the Boost installation,
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|
||||||
execute</p>
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|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
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||||||
tar --bzip2 -xf <em>/path/to/</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>.tar.bz2
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|
||||||
</pre>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
</ul>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
<li><p class="first"><strong>Boost packages</strong> from RedHat, Debian, or some other
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|
||||||
distribution packager: these instructions may not work for you
|
|
||||||
if you use 3rd party packages, because other packagers sometimes
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|
||||||
choose to break Boost up into several packages or to reorganize
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|
||||||
the directory structure of the Boost distribution.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#packagers" id="id4" name="id4"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
</ol>
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|
||||||
</div>
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|
||||||
<div class="section">
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||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31" id="the-structure-of-a-boost-distribution" name="the-structure-of-a-boost-distribution">3 The Structure of a Boost Distribution</a></h1>
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|
||||||
<p>This is is a sketch of the directory structure you'll get when you
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|
||||||
unpack your Boost installation (windows users replace forward
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||||||
slashes with backslashes):</p>
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||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
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||||||
<strong>boost_1_34_0</strong><strong>/</strong> .................<em>The “boost root directory”</em>
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||||||
<strong>index.htm</strong> .........<em>A copy of www.boost.org starts here</em>
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|
||||||
<strong>boost/</strong> .........................<em>All Boost Header files</em>
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||||||
<strong>libs/</strong> ............<em>Tests, .cpp</em>s<em>, docs, etc., by library</em><a class="footnote-reference" href="#installer-src" id="id5" name="id5"><sup>3</sup></a>
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<strong>index.html</strong> ........<em>Library documentation starts here</em>
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<strong>algorithm/</strong>
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<strong>any/</strong>
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<strong>array/</strong>
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<em>…more libraries…</em>
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||||||
<strong>status/</strong> .........................<em>Boost-wide test suite</em>
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<strong>tools/</strong> ...........<em>Utilities, e.g. bjam, quickbook, bcp</em>
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||||||
<strong>more/</strong> ..........................<em>Policy documents, etc.</em>
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|
||||||
<strong>doc/</strong> ...............<em>A subset of all Boost library docs</em>
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|
||||||
</pre>
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||||||
<div class="small sidebar">
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||||||
<p class="first sidebar-title">Header Organization</p>
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|
||||||
<p>The organization of Boost library headers isn't entirely uniform,
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|
||||||
but most libraries follow a few patterns:</p>
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|
||||||
<ul class="last simple">
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|
||||||
<li>Some older libraries and most very small libraries place all
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|
||||||
public headers directly into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/</span></tt>.</li>
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||||||
<li>Most libraries' public headers live in a subdirectory of
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|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/</span></tt> named after the library. For example, you'll find
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||||||
the Type Traits Library's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_void.hpp</span></tt> header in
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||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/type_traits/is_void.hpp</span></tt>.</li>
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||||||
<li>Some libraries have an “aggregate header” in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/</span></tt> that
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|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>s all of the library's other headers. For
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example, <a class="reference" href="../libs/python/index.html">Boost.Python</a>'s aggregate header is
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|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/python.hpp</span></tt>.</li>
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||||||
<li>Most libraries place private headers in a subdirectory called
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||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">detail/</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">aux_/</span></tt>. Don't look in these directories and
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expect to find anything you can use.</li>
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||||||
</ul>
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|
||||||
</div>
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|
||||||
<p>A few things are worth noting right off the bat:</p>
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|
||||||
<ol class="arabic">
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|
||||||
<li><p class="first">The path to the “boost root directory” is sometimes referred to
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|
||||||
as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$BOOST_ROOT</span></tt> in documentation and mailing lists. If you
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||||||
used the Windows installer, that will usually be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>.</p>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
<li><p class="first">To compile anything in Boost, you need a directory containing
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|
||||||
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/</span></tt> subdirectory in your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> path. For most
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|
||||||
compilers, that means adding</p>
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||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
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||||||
-I<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
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||||||
</pre>
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|
||||||
<p>to the command line. Specific steps for setting up <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>
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|
||||||
paths in Microsoft Visual Studio follow later in this document;
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|
||||||
if you use another IDE, please consult your product's
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|
||||||
documentation for instructions.</p>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
<li><p class="first">Since all of Boost's header files have the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.hpp</span></tt> extension,
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|
||||||
and live in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost/</span></tt> subdirectory of the boost root, your
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||||||
Boost <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> directives will look like:</p>
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||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
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|
||||||
#include <boost/<em>whatever</em>.hpp>
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|
||||||
</pre>
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|
||||||
<p>or</p>
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||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
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|
||||||
#include "boost/<em>whatever</em>.hpp"
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|
||||||
</pre>
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|
||||||
</li>
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|
||||||
</ol>
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|
||||||
<blockquote>
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|
||||||
depending on your religion as regards the use of angle bracket
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|
||||||
includes. Even Windows users can use forward slashes in
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|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> directives; your compiler doesn't care.</blockquote>
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|
||||||
<ol class="arabic simple" start="4">
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|
||||||
<li>Don't be distracted by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">doc/</span></tt> subdirectory; it only
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|
||||||
contains a subset of the Boost documentation. Start with
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|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/index.html</span></tt> if you're looking for the whole enchilada.</li>
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|
||||||
</ol>
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|
||||||
</div>
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|
||||||
<div class="section">
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|
||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32" id="header-only-libraries" name="header-only-libraries">4 Header-Only Libraries</a></h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>The first thing many people want to know is, “how do I build
|
|
||||||
Boost?” The good news is that often, there's nothing to build.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="admonition-nothing-to-build admonition">
|
|
||||||
<p class="first admonition-title">Nothing to Build</p>
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|
||||||
<p class="last">Most Boost libraries are <strong>header-only</strong>: they consist <em>entirely
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|
||||||
of header files</em> containing templates and inline functions, and
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|
||||||
require no separately-compiled library binaries or special
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|
||||||
treatment when linking.</p>
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|
||||||
</div>
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|
||||||
<p id="separate">The only Boost libraries that can't be used without separate
|
|
||||||
compilation are:</p>
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|
||||||
<ul class="simple">
|
|
||||||
<li>Boost.Filesystem</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Boost.IOStreams</li>
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|
||||||
<li>Boost.ProgramOptions</li>
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|
||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="../libs/python/index.html">Boost.Python</a></li>
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|
||||||
<li>Boost.Regex</li>
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|
||||||
<li>Boost.Serialization</li>
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|
||||||
<li>Boost.Signals</li>
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|
||||||
<li>Boost.Test</li>
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|
||||||
<li>Boost.Thread</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Boost.Wave</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<p>The DateTime library has a separately-compiled component that
|
|
||||||
is only needed if you're using its to/from_string and/or
|
|
||||||
serialization features or if you're targeting Visual C++ 6.x or
|
|
||||||
Borland. The Graph library also has a separately-compiled part,
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|
||||||
but you won't need it unless you intend to <a class="reference" href="../libs/graph/doc/read_graphviz.html">parse GraphViz
|
|
||||||
files</a>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<!-- ## Keep the list of non-header-only libraries up-to-date -->
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33" id="build-a-simple-program-using-boost" name="build-a-simple-program-using-boost">5 Build a Simple Program Using Boost</a></h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>To keep things simple, let's start by using a header-only library.
|
|
||||||
The following program reads a sequence of integers from standard
|
|
||||||
input, uses Boost.Lambda to multiply each number by three, and
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|
||||||
writes them to standard output:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
|
|
||||||
#include <iostream>
|
|
||||||
#include <iterator>
|
|
||||||
#include <algorithm>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
int main()
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
using namespace boost::lambda;
|
|
||||||
typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
std::for_each(
|
|
||||||
in(std::cin), in(), std::cout << (_1 * 3) << " " );
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>Copy the text of this program into a file called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34" id="build-on-nix" name="build-on-nix"><span id="unix-header-only"></span>5.1 Build on *nix</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>In the directory where you saved <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt>, issue the
|
|
||||||
following command:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
c++ -I <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp -o example
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>To test the result, type:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
echo 1 2 3 | ./example
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="#errors-and-warnings"><em>next...</em></a></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id35" id="build-from-the-visual-studio-command-prompt" name="build-from-the-visual-studio-command-prompt">5.2 Build from the Visual Studio Command Prompt</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>From your computer's <em>Start</em> menu, if you are a Visual
|
|
||||||
Studio 2005 user, select</p>
|
|
||||||
<blockquote>
|
|
||||||
<em>All Programs</em> > <em>Microsoft Visual Studio 2005</em>
|
|
||||||
> <em>Visual Studio Tools</em> > <em>Visual Studio 2005 Command Prompt</em></blockquote>
|
|
||||||
<p>or, if you're a Visual Studio .NET 2003 user, select</p>
|
|
||||||
<blockquote>
|
|
||||||
<em>All Programs</em> > <em>Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003</em>
|
|
||||||
> <em>Visual Studio .NET Tools</em> > <em>Visual Studio .NET 2003 Command Prompt</em></blockquote>
|
|
||||||
<p>to bring up a special <a class="reference" href="#command-prompt">command prompt</a> window set up for the Visual
|
|
||||||
Studio compiler. In that window, type the following command and
|
|
||||||
hit the return key:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
cl /EHsc /I<em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> <em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\example.cpp
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>To test the result, type:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
echo 1 2 3 | example
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="#errors-and-warnings"><em>next...</em></a></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36" id="build-in-the-visual-studio-ide" name="build-in-the-visual-studio-ide"><span id="vs-header-only"></span>5.3 Build in the Visual Studio IDE</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="simple">
|
|
||||||
<li>From Visual Studio's <em>File</em> menu, select <em>New</em> > <em>Project…</em></li>
|
|
||||||
<li>In the left-hand pane of the resulting <em>New Project</em> dialog,
|
|
||||||
select <em>Visual C++</em> > <em>Win32</em>.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>In the right-hand pane, select <em>Win32 Console Application</em>
|
|
||||||
(VS8.0) or <em>Win32 Console Project</em> (VS7.1).</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>In the <em>name</em> field, enter “example”</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Right-click <strong>example</strong> in the <em>Solution Explorer</em> pane and
|
|
||||||
select <em>Properties</em> from the resulting pop-up menu</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>In <em>Configuration Properties</em> > <em>C/C++</em> > <em>General</em> > <em>Additional Include
|
|
||||||
Directories</em>, enter the path to the Boost root directory, e.g.
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>In <em>Configuration Properties</em> > <em>C/C++</em> > <em>Precompiled Headers</em>, change
|
|
||||||
<em>Use Precompiled Header (/Yu)</em> to <em>Not Using Precompiled
|
|
||||||
Headers</em>.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#pch" id="id9" name="id9"><sup>5</sup></a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Replace the contents of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt> generated by the IDE
|
|
||||||
with the example code above.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>From the <em>Build</em> menu, select <em>Build Solution</em>.</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<p>To test your application, hit the F5 key and type the following
|
|
||||||
into the resulting window, followed by the return key:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
1 2 3
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>Then hold down the control key and press "Z", followed by the
|
|
||||||
return key.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37" id="errors-and-warnings" name="errors-and-warnings">5.4 Errors and Warnings</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>Don't be alarmed if you see compiler warnings from Boost headers.
|
|
||||||
We try to eliminate them, but doing so isn't always practical.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#warnings" id="id10" name="id10"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<p>Errors are another matter. If you're seeing compilation errors at
|
|
||||||
this point in the tutorial, check to be sure you've copied the
|
|
||||||
example program correctly and that you've correctly identified the
|
|
||||||
Boost root directory.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38" id="get-boost-library-binaries" name="get-boost-library-binaries">6 Get Boost Library Binaries</a></h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>If you want to use any of the separately-compiled Boost libraries,
|
|
||||||
you'll need library binaries.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39" id="install-visual-studio-binaries" name="install-visual-studio-binaries">6.1 Install Visual Studio Binaries</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>The <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/download.html">Windows installer</a> supplied by Boost Consulting will download
|
|
||||||
and install pre-compiled binaries into the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib\</span></tt> subdirectory of
|
|
||||||
the boost root, typically <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\lib\</span></tt>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="#link-your-program-to-a-boost-library"><em>next...</em></a></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40" id="build-and-install-nix-binaries" name="build-and-install-nix-binaries">6.2 Build and Install *nix Binaries</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>Issue the following commands in the shell (don't type <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></tt>; it
|
|
||||||
represents the shell's prompt):</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> cd <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> ./configure --help
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>Select your configuration options and invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">./configure</span></tt> again.
|
|
||||||
Unless you have write permission in your system's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
directory, you'll probably want to at least use</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> ./configure <strong>--prefix=</strong><em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>installation</em>/<em>prefix</em>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>to install somewhere else. Finally,</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> make install
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>which will leave Boost binaries in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/</span></tt> subdirectory of
|
|
||||||
your installation prefix. You will also find a copy of the Boost
|
|
||||||
headers in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">include/</span></tt> subdirectory of the installation
|
|
||||||
prefix, so you can henceforth use that directory as an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
path in place of the Boost root directory.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="#expected-build-output"><em>next...</em></a></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id41" id="build-and-install-other-binaries" name="build-and-install-other-binaries">6.3 Build and Install Other Binaries</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>If you're not using Visual C++ 7.1 or 8.0, or you're a *nix user
|
|
||||||
who wants want to build with a toolset other than your system's
|
|
||||||
default, or if you want a nonstandard variant build of Boost
|
|
||||||
(e.g. optimized, but with debug symbols), you'll need to use
|
|
||||||
<a class="reference" href="../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> to create your own binaries.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> is a text-based system for developing, testing, and
|
|
||||||
installing software. To use it, you'll need an executable called
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="get-bjam" name="get-bjam">Get <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> is the <a class="reference" href="#command-line-tool">command-line tool</a> that drives the Boost Build
|
|
||||||
system. To build Boost binaries, you'll invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> from the
|
|
||||||
Boost root.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>Boost provides <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&package_id=72941">pre-compiled <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> executables</a> for a variety of platforms.
|
|
||||||
Alternatively, you can build <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> yourself using <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost.org/doc/html/jam/building.html">these
|
|
||||||
instructions</a>.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="identify-your-toolset" name="identify-your-toolset"><span id="toolset-name"></span><span id="toolset"></span>Identify Your Toolset</a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p>First, find the toolset corresponding to your compiler in the
|
|
||||||
following table.</p>
|
|
||||||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<col width="18%" />
|
|
||||||
<col width="33%" />
|
|
||||||
<col width="48%" />
|
|
||||||
</colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<thead valign="bottom">
|
|
||||||
<tr><th class="head">Toolset
|
|
||||||
Name</th>
|
|
||||||
<th class="head">Vendor</th>
|
|
||||||
<th class="head">Notes</th>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
</thead>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">acc</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Hewlett Packard</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Only very recent versions are
|
|
||||||
known to work well with Boost</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">borland</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Borland</td>
|
|
||||||
<td> </td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">como</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Comeau Computing</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Using this toolset may
|
|
||||||
require <a class="reference" href="../tools/build/index.html">configuring</a> another
|
|
||||||
toolset to act as its backend</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cw</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Metrowerks/FreeScale</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>The CodeWarrior compiler. We
|
|
||||||
have not tested versions of
|
|
||||||
this compiler produced since
|
|
||||||
it was sold to FreeScale.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dmc</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Digital Mars</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>As of this Boost release, no
|
|
||||||
version of dmc is known to
|
|
||||||
handle Boost well.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">darwin</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Apple Computer</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Apple's version of the GCC
|
|
||||||
toolchain with support for
|
|
||||||
Darwin and MacOS X features
|
|
||||||
such as frameworks.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>The Gnu Project</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Includes support for Cygwin
|
|
||||||
and MinGW compilers.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hp_cxx</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Hewlett Packard</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Targeted at the Tru64
|
|
||||||
operating system.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">intel</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Intel</td>
|
|
||||||
<td> </td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kylix</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Borland</td>
|
|
||||||
<td> </td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">msvc</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Microsoft</td>
|
|
||||||
<td> </td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">qcc</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>QNX Software Systems</td>
|
|
||||||
<td> </td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sun</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Sun</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>Only very recent versions are
|
|
||||||
known to work well with
|
|
||||||
Boost.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vacpp</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>IBM</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>The VisualAge C++ compiler.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<p>If you have multiple versions of a particular compiler installed,
|
|
||||||
you can apend the version number to the toolset name, preceded by a
|
|
||||||
hyphen, e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">msvc-7.1</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc-3.4</span></tt>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="note">
|
|
||||||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
||||||
<p class="last">if you built <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> yourself, you may
|
|
||||||
have selected a toolset name for that purpose, but that does not
|
|
||||||
affect this step in any way; you still need to select a Boost.Build
|
|
||||||
toolset from the table.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="select-a-build-directory" name="select-a-build-directory"><span id="id15"></span><span id="build-directory"></span>Select a Build Directory</a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> will place all intermediate files it generates while
|
|
||||||
building into the <strong>build directory</strong>. If your Boost root
|
|
||||||
directory is writable, this step isn't strictly necessary: by
|
|
||||||
default Boost.Build will create a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bin.v2/</span></tt> subdirectory for that
|
|
||||||
purpose in your current working directory.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="invoke-bjam" name="invoke-bjam">Invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p>Change your current directory to the Boost root directory and
|
|
||||||
invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> as follows:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
bjam <strong>--build-dir=</strong><a class="reference" href="#id15"><em>build-directory</em></a> <strong>\</strong>
|
|
||||||
<strong>--toolset=</strong><a class="reference" href="#toolset-name"><em>toolset-name</em></a> stage
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>For example, on Windows, your session might look like:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
C:WINDOWS> cd <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>> bjam <strong>\</strong>
|
|
||||||
<strong>--build-dir=</strong>%TEMP%\build-boost <strong>\</strong>
|
|
||||||
<strong>--toolset=msvc stage</strong>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>And on Unix:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
$ cd ~/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
$ bjam <strong>--build-dir=</strong>~/build-boost <strong>--prefix=</strong>~/boost
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>In either case, Boost.Build will place the Boost binaries in the
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stage/</span></tt> subdirectory of your <a class="reference" href="#build-directory">build directory</a>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="note">
|
|
||||||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
||||||
<p class="last"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> is case-sensitive; it is important that all the
|
|
||||||
parts shown in <strong>bold</strong> type above be entirely lower-case.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<p>For a description of other options you can pass when invoking
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>, type:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
bjam --help
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id42" id="expected-build-output" name="expected-build-output">6.4 Expected Build Output</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>During the process of building Boost libraries, you can expect to
|
|
||||||
see some messages printed on the console. These may include</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first">Notices about Boost library configuration—for example, the Regex
|
|
||||||
library outputs a message about ICU when built without Unicode
|
|
||||||
support, and the Python library may be skipped without error (but
|
|
||||||
with a notice) if you don't have Python installed.</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first">Messages from the build tool that report the number of targets
|
|
||||||
that were built or skipped. Don't be surprised if those numbers
|
|
||||||
don't make any sense to you; there are many targets per library.</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first">Build action messages describing what the tool is doing, which
|
|
||||||
look something like:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<em>toolset-name</em>.c++ <em>long</em>/<em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>file</em>/<em>being</em>/<em>built</em>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first">Compiler warnings.</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id43" id="in-case-of-build-errors" name="in-case-of-build-errors">6.5 In Case of Build Errors</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>The only error messages you see when building Boost—if any—should
|
|
||||||
be related to the IOStreams library's support of zip and bzip2
|
|
||||||
formats as described <a class="reference" href="file:///home/dave/src/boost/libs/iostreams/doc/installation.html">here</a>. Install the relevant development
|
|
||||||
packages for libz and libbz2 if you need those features. Other
|
|
||||||
errors when building Boost libraries are cause for concern.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>If it seems like the build system can't find your compiler and/or
|
|
||||||
linker, consider setting up a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file as described
|
|
||||||
in the <a class="reference" href="../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build documentation</a>. If that isn't your problem or
|
|
||||||
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file doesn't work for you, please address
|
|
||||||
questions about configuring Boost for your compiler to the
|
|
||||||
<a class="reference" href="mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a>.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id44" id="link-your-program-to-a-boost-library" name="link-your-program-to-a-boost-library">7 Link Your Program to a Boost Library</a></h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>To demonstrate linking with a Boost binary library, we'll use the
|
|
||||||
following simple program that extracts the subject lines from
|
|
||||||
emails. It uses the <a class="reference" href="../libs/regex">Boost.Regex</a> library, which has a
|
|
||||||
separately-compiled binary component.</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
|
|
||||||
#include <iostream>
|
|
||||||
#include <string>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
int main()
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
std::string line;
|
|
||||||
boost::regex pat( "^Subject: (Re: |Aw: )*(.*)" );
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
while (std::cin)
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
std::getline(std::cin, line);
|
|
||||||
boost::smatch matches;
|
|
||||||
if (boost::regex_match(line, matches, pat))
|
|
||||||
std::cout << matches[2] << std::endl;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>There are two main challenges associated with linking:</p>
|
|
||||||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
|
||||||
<li>Tool configuration, e.g. choosing command-line options or IDE
|
|
||||||
build settings.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>Identifying the library binary, among all the build variants,
|
|
||||||
whose compile configuration is compatible with the rest of your
|
|
||||||
project.</li>
|
|
||||||
</ol>
|
|
||||||
<div class="note">
|
|
||||||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
||||||
<p class="last"><a class="reference" href="../libs/python/index.html">Boost.Python</a> users should read that library's own <a class="reference" href="../libs/python/doc/building.html">build
|
|
||||||
documentation</a> as there are several library-specific issues to
|
|
||||||
consider.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id45" id="link-to-a-boost-library-on-windows" name="link-to-a-boost-library-on-windows">7.1 Link to a Boost Library on Windows</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p id="auto-linking">Most Windows compilers and linkers have so-called “auto-linking
|
|
||||||
support,” which eliminates the second challenge. Special code in
|
|
||||||
Boost header files detects your compiler options and uses that
|
|
||||||
information to encode the name of the correct library into your
|
|
||||||
object files; the linker selects the library with that name from
|
|
||||||
the directories you've told it to search.</p>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="link-to-a-boost-library-from-the-visual-studio-command-prompt" name="link-to-a-boost-library-from-the-visual-studio-command-prompt">Link to a Boost Library from the Visual Studio Command Prompt</a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p>For example, we can compile and link the above program from the
|
|
||||||
Visual C++ command-line by simply adding the <strong>bold</strong> text below to
|
|
||||||
the command line we used earlier, assuming your Boost binaries are
|
|
||||||
in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\lib</span></tt>:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
cl /EHsc /I <em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp <strong>\</strong>
|
|
||||||
<strong>/link /LIBPATH:</strong> <strong>C:\Program Files\boost\</strong><strong>boost_1_34_0</strong><strong>\lib</strong>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program"><em>next...</em></a></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="link-to-a-boost-library-in-the-visual-studio-ide" name="link-to-a-boost-library-in-the-visual-studio-ide">Link to a Boost Library in the Visual Studio IDE</a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p>Starting with the <a class="reference" href="#vs-header-only">header-only example project</a> we created
|
|
||||||
earlier:</p>
|
|
||||||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
|
||||||
<li>Right-click <strong>example</strong> in the <em>Solution Explorer</em> pane and
|
|
||||||
select <em>Properties</em> from the resulting pop-up menu</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>In <em>Configuration Properties</em> > <em>Linker</em> > <em>Additional Library
|
|
||||||
Directories</em>, enter the path to the Boost binaries,
|
|
||||||
e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\lib\</span></tt>.</li>
|
|
||||||
<li>From the <em>Build</em> menu, select <em>Build Solution</em>.</li>
|
|
||||||
</ol>
|
|
||||||
<p><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program"><em>next...</em></a></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id46" id="link-to-a-boost-library-on-nix" name="link-to-a-boost-library-on-nix">7.2 Link to a Boost Library On *nix</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>There are two main ways to link to libraries:</p>
|
|
||||||
<ol class="upperalpha">
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first">You can specify the full path to each library:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
$ c++ -I <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp -o example <strong>\</strong>
|
|
||||||
<strong>~/boost/lib/libboost_regex-gcc-3.4-mt-d-1_34.a</strong>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
<li><p class="first">You can separately specify a directory to search (with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-L</span></tt><em>directory</em>) and a library name to search for (with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-l</span></tt><em>library</em>,<a class="footnote-reference" href="#lowercase-l" id="id21" name="id21"><sup>6</sup></a> dropping the filename's leading <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt> and trailing
|
|
||||||
suffix (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt> in this case):</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
$ c++ -I <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>path</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><em>to</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp -o example <strong>\</strong>
|
|
||||||
<strong>-L~/boost/lib/ -lboost_regex-gcc-3.4-mt-d-1_34</strong>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>As you can see, this method is just as terse as method A for one
|
|
||||||
library; it <em>really</em> pays off when you're using multiple
|
|
||||||
libraries from the same directory. Note, however, that if you
|
|
||||||
use this method with a library that has both static (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt>) and
|
|
||||||
dynamic (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.so</span></tt>) builds, the system may choose one
|
|
||||||
automatically for you unless you pass a special option such as
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-static</span></tt> on the command line.</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ol>
|
|
||||||
<p>In both cases above, the bold text is what you'd add to <a class="reference" href="#unix-header-only">the
|
|
||||||
command lines we explored earlier</a>.</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id47" id="library-naming" name="library-naming">7.3 Library Naming</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>When auto-linking is not available, you need to know how Boost
|
|
||||||
binaries are named so you can choose the right one for your build
|
|
||||||
configuration. Each library filename is composed of a common
|
|
||||||
sequence of elements that describe how it was built. For example,
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libboost_regex-vc71-mt-d-1_34.lib</span></tt> can be broken down into the
|
|
||||||
following elements:</p>
|
|
||||||
<dl class="docutils">
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><em>Prefix</em>: except on Microsoft Windows, every Boost library
|
|
||||||
name begins with this string. On Windows, only ordinary static
|
|
||||||
libraries use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt> prefix; import libraries and DLLs do
|
|
||||||
not.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#distinct" id="id23" name="id23"><sup>7</sup></a></dd>
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_regex</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><em>Library name</em>: all boost library filenames begin with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_</span></tt>.</dd>
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-vc71</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><em>Toolset tag</em>: identifies the toolset and version used to build
|
|
||||||
the binary.</dd>
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-mt</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><em>Threading tag</em>: indicates that the library was
|
|
||||||
built with multithreading support enabled. Libraries built
|
|
||||||
without multithreading support can be identified by the absence
|
|
||||||
of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-mt</span></tt>.</dd>
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-d</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><p class="first"><em>ABI tag</em>: encodes details that affect the library's
|
|
||||||
interoperability with other compiled code. For each such
|
|
||||||
feature, a single letter is added to the tag:</p>
|
|
||||||
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<col width="6%" />
|
|
||||||
<col width="94%" />
|
|
||||||
</colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<thead valign="bottom">
|
|
||||||
<tr><th class="head">Key</th>
|
|
||||||
<th class="head">Use this library when:</th>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
</thead>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>linking statically to the C++ standard library and compiler runtime support
|
|
||||||
libraries.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">g</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>using debug versions of the standard and runtime support libraries.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">y</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>using a special <a class="reference" href="../libs/python/doc/building.html#variants">debug build of Python</a>.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">d</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>building a debug version of your code.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#debug-abi" id="id24" name="id24"><sup>8</sup></a></td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">p</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>using the STLPort standard library rather than the default one supplied with
|
|
||||||
your compiler.</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt></td>
|
|
||||||
<td>using STLPort's deprecated “native iostreams” feature.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#native" id="id25" name="id25"><sup>9</sup></a></td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<p class="last">For example, if you build a debug version of your code for use
|
|
||||||
with debug versions of the static runtime library and the
|
|
||||||
STLPort standard library in “native iostreams” mode,
|
|
||||||
the tag would be: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-sgdpn</span></tt>. If none of the above apply, the
|
|
||||||
ABI tag is ommitted.</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1_34</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><em>Version tag</em>: the full Boost release number, with periods
|
|
||||||
replaced by underscores. For example, version 1.31.1 would be
|
|
||||||
tagged as "-1_31_1".</dd>
|
|
||||||
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.lib</span></tt></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd><em>Extension</em>: determined according to the
|
|
||||||
operating system's usual convention. On most *nix platforms the extensions are
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.so</span></tt> for static libraries (archives) and shared
|
|
||||||
libraries, respectively. On Windows—except for libraries built
|
|
||||||
by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt> toolset, which always uses the *nix
|
|
||||||
convention—``.dll`` indicates a shared library and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.lib</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
indicates a static or import library. Where supported by *nix
|
|
||||||
toolsets, a full version extension is added (e.g. ".so.1.34"); a
|
|
||||||
symbolic link to the library file, named without the trailing
|
|
||||||
version number, will also be created.</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id48" id="test-your-program" name="test-your-program">7.4 Test Your Program</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
<p>To test our subject extraction, we'll filter the following text
|
|
||||||
file. Copy it out of your browser and save it as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">jayne.txt</span></tt>:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
To: George Shmidlap
|
|
||||||
From: Rita Marlowe
|
|
||||||
Subject: Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
|
|
||||||
---
|
|
||||||
See subject.
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="test-your-program-on-microsoft-windows" name="test-your-program-on-microsoft-windows">Test Your Program on Microsoft Windows</a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p>In a <a class="reference" href="#command-prompt">command prompt</a> window, type:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\<em>compiled</em>\example < <em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\jayne.txt
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>The program should respond with the email subject, “Will Success
|
|
||||||
Spoil Rock Hunter?”</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h3><a id="test-your-program-on-nix" name="test-your-program-on-nix">Test Your Program on *nix</a></h3>
|
|
||||||
<p>If you linked to a shared library, you may need to prepare some
|
|
||||||
platform-specific settings so that the system will be able to find
|
|
||||||
and load it when your program is run. Most platforms have an
|
|
||||||
environment variable to which you can add the directory containing
|
|
||||||
the library. On many platforms (Linux, FreeBSD) that variable is
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></tt>, but on MacOS it's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></tt>, and
|
|
||||||
on Cygwin it's simply <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt>. In most shells other than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">csh</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tcsh</span></tt>, you can adjust the variable as follows (again, don't
|
|
||||||
type the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></tt>—that represents the shell prompt):</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> <em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>=<em>path/to/lib/directory</em>:${<em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>}
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> export <em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>On <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">csh</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tcsh</span></tt>, it's</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> setenv <em>VARIABLE_NAME</em> <em>path/to/lib/directory</em>:${<em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>}
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>Once the necessary variable (if any) is set, you can run your
|
|
||||||
program as follows:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
<strong>$</strong> <em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>compiled</em>/example < <em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/jayne.txt
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>The program should respond with the email subject, “Will Success
|
|
||||||
Spoil Rock Hunter?”</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id49" id="conclusion-and-further-resources" name="conclusion-and-further-resources">8 Conclusion and Further Resources</a></h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>This concludes your introduction to Boost and to integrating it
|
|
||||||
with your programs. As you start using Boost in earnest, there are
|
|
||||||
surely a few additional points you'll wish we had covered. One day
|
|
||||||
we may have a “Book 2 in the Getting Started series” that addresses
|
|
||||||
them. Until then, we suggest you pursue the following resources.
|
|
||||||
If you can't find what you need, or there's anything we can do to
|
|
||||||
make this document clearer, please post it to the <a class="reference" href="mailing_lists.htm#users">Boost Users'
|
|
||||||
mailing list</a>.</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul class="simple">
|
|
||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="../tools/build/v2">Boost.Build reference manual</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="../tools/jam/index.html">Boost.Jam reference manual</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="mailing_lists.htm#users">Boost Users' mailing list</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a></li>
|
|
||||||
<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.crystalclearsoftware.com/cgi-bin/boost_wiki/wiki.pl?Boost.Build_V2">Boost.Build Wiki</a></li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<div class="admonition-onward admonition">
|
|
||||||
<p class="first admonition-title">Onward</p>
|
|
||||||
<blockquote class="epigraph last">
|
|
||||||
<p>Good luck, and have fun!</p>
|
|
||||||
<p class="attribution">—the Boost Developers</p>
|
|
||||||
</blockquote>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="section">
|
|
||||||
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id50" id="appendix-using-command-line-tools-in-windows" name="appendix-using-command-line-tools-in-windows"><span id="command-line-tool"></span><span id="command-prompt"></span><span id="using-command-line-tools-in-windows"></span>9 Appendix: Using command-line tools in Windows</a></h1>
|
|
||||||
<p>In Windows, a command-line tool is invoked by typing its name,
|
|
||||||
optionally followed by arguments, into a <em>Command Prompt</em> window
|
|
||||||
and pressing the Return (or Enter) key.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>To open <em>Command Prompt</em>, click the <em>Start</em> menu button, click
|
|
||||||
<em>Run</em>, type “cmd”, and then click OK.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>All commands are executed within the context of a <strong>current
|
|
||||||
directory</strong> in the filesystem. To set the current directory,
|
|
||||||
type:</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
cd <em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\<em>some</em>\<em>directory</em>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>followed by Return. For example,</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
cd <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\Program</span></tt>`` <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span> <span class="pre">``Files</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>One way to name a directory you know about is to write</p>
|
|
||||||
<pre class="literal-block">
|
|
||||||
%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%\<em>directory-name</em>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
<p>which indicates a sibling folder of your “My Documents” folder.</p>
|
|
||||||
<p>Long commands can be continued across several lines by typing
|
|
||||||
backslashes at the ends of all but the last line. Many of the
|
|
||||||
examples on this page use that technique to save horizontal
|
|
||||||
space.</p>
|
|
||||||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="zip" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id3" name="zip">[1]</a></td><td>If you prefer not to download executable programs, download
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.zip</span></tt> and use an external tool to decompress
|
|
||||||
it. We don't recommend using Windows' built-in decompression as
|
|
||||||
it can be painfully slow for large archives.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="packagers" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4" name="packagers">[2]</a></td><td>If developers of Boost packages would like to work
|
|
||||||
with us to make sure these instructions can be used with their
|
|
||||||
packages, we'd be glad to help. Please make your interest known
|
|
||||||
to the <a class="reference" href="mailing_lists.htm#main">Boost developers' list</a>.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="installer-src" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id5" name="installer-src">[3]</a></td><td>If you used the <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/download.html">Windows installer</a> from Boost
|
|
||||||
Consulting and deselected “Source and Documentation” (it's
|
|
||||||
selected by default), you won't see the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/</span></tt> subdirectory.
|
|
||||||
That won't affect your ability to use precompiled binaries, but
|
|
||||||
you won't be able to rebuild libraries from scratch.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="warnings" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id10" name="warnings">[4]</a></td><td>Remember that warnings are specific to each compiler
|
|
||||||
implementation. The developer of a given Boost library might
|
|
||||||
not have access to your compiler. Also, some warnings are
|
|
||||||
extremely difficult to eliminate in generic code, to the point
|
|
||||||
where it's not worth the trouble. Finally, some compilers don't
|
|
||||||
have any source code mechanism for suppressing warnings.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="pch" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id9" name="pch">[5]</a></td><td>There's no problem using Boost with precompiled headers;
|
|
||||||
these instructions merely avoid precompiled headers because it
|
|
||||||
would require Visual Studio-specific changes to the source code
|
|
||||||
used in the examples.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="lowercase-l" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id21" name="lowercase-l">[6]</a></td><td>That option is a dash followed by a lowercase “L”
|
|
||||||
character, which looks very much like a numeral 1 in some fonts.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="distinct" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id23" name="distinct">[7]</a></td><td>This convention distinguishes the static version of
|
|
||||||
a Boost library from the import library for an
|
|
||||||
identically-configured Boost DLL, which would otherwise have the
|
|
||||||
same name.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="debug-abi" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id24" name="debug-abi">[8]</a></td><td>These libraries were compiled without optimization
|
|
||||||
or inlining, with full debug symbols enabled, and without
|
|
||||||
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NDEBUG</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#define</span></tt>d. All though it's true that sometimes
|
|
||||||
these choices don't affect binary compatibility with other
|
|
||||||
compiled code, you can't count on that with Boost libraries.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="native" rules="none">
|
|
||||||
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
|
|
||||||
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
||||||
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id25" name="native">[9]</a></td><td>This feature of STLPort is deprecated because it's
|
|
||||||
impossible to make it work transparently to the user; we don't
|
|
||||||
recommend it.</td></tr>
|
|
||||||
</tbody>
|
|
||||||
</table>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<div class="footer">
|
|
||||||
<hr class="footer" />
|
|
||||||
<a class="reference" href="./getting_started.rst">View document source</a>.
|
|
||||||
Generated on: 2006-12-12 00:28 UTC.
|
|
||||||
Generated by <a class="reference" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/">Docutils</a> from <a class="reference" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a> source.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
</body>
|
||||||
</html>
|
</html>
|
||||||
|
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
|
||||||
|
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
|
||||||
|
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user